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Article
History of Marketing
What is Marketing?
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Marketing is the process of developing products to satisfy customers through proper pricing, promotion, and distribution. The basic premise behind marketing is to satisfy the customer. Satisfied customers are much more valuable than customers who have been deceived into buying something.
History of marketing
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Up to 40.000 Years ago. Before the first records of Marketing, practice has appeared the beginning of creativity in mankind sparked and led to man-made speciality goods e.g., jewelry and figurines which were discovered in several Ice Age caves throughout Europe. Furthermore, the beginnings of trade has evolved around the globe. In this context historians like Eric, H. Shaw argue, that marketing practices have existed for at least 40.000 years!
From 3.000 BC. The first evidence of marketing practice is almost as old as the earliest forms of written language. Records of one of the first advertising practices have been found on clay tablets in ancient Mesopotamia in cuneiform writings. The enclosed picture is a cuneiform clay tablet which in this case was an early form of a customer complaint letter from Nanni to Ea-Nasir complaining that the wrong grade of copper ore has been delivered after a gulf voyage and about misdirection and delay of further delivery. The cuneiform tablet belongs to the collection of the British Museum and dates back to 1750 BC and was found in the archaic city of Ur in ancient Mesopotamia i.e., Iraq.
According to etymologists, the term ‘marketing’ first appeared in dictionaries in the sixteenth century where it referred to the process of buying and selling at a market. The contemporary definition of ‘marketing’ as a process of moving goods from producer to consumer with an emphasis on sales and advertising first appeared in dictionaries in 1897. The term, marketing, is a derivation of the Latin word, Mercatus meaning marketplace or merchant.
Historians of marketing tend to fall into two distinct branches of marketing history – the history of marketing practice and the history of marketing thought. These branches are often deeply divided and have very different roots. The history of marketing practice is grounded in the management and marketing disciplines, while the history of marketing thought is grounded in economic and cultural history. This means that the two branches ask very different types of research questions and employ different research tools and frameworks.
What is traditional marketing?
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Traditional marketing is a rather broad category that incorporates many forms of advertising and marketing. It’s the most recognizable type of marketing, encompassing the advertisements that we see and hear every day. Most traditional marketing strategies fall under one of four categories: print, broadcast, direct mail, and telephone.
Print marketing is the oldest form of traditional marketing. Loosely defined as advertising in paper form, this strategy has been in use since ancient times when Egyptians created sales messages and wall posters on papyrus. Today, print marketing usually refers to advertising space in newspapers, magazines, newsletters, and other printed materials intended for distribution.
Direct mail marketing uses printed material like postcards, brochures, letters, catalogs, and fliers sent through postal mail to attract consumers. One of the earliest and most well-known examples of direct mail is the Sears Catalog, which was first mailed to consumers in 1888.
Finally, telephone marketing, or telemarketing, is the practice of delivering sales messages over the phone to convince consumers to buy a product or service. This form of marketing has become somewhat controversial in the modern age, with many telemarketers using aggressive sales tactics. The U.S. federal government has passed strict laws governing the use of telemarketing to combat some of these techniques.
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The History of Digital Marketing
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What is digital marketing?
Digital marketing is the component of marketing that uses the Internet and online-based digital technologies such as desktop computers, mobile phones, and other digital media and platforms to promote products and services. Its development during the 1990s and 2000s changed the way brands and businesses use technology for marketing. As digital platforms became increasingly incorporated into marketing plans and everyday life, and as people increasingly use digital devices instead of visiting physical shops, digital marketing campaigns have become prevalent, employing combinations of search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), content marketing, influencer marketing, content automation, campaign marketing, data-driven marketing, e-commerce marketing, social media marketing, social media optimization, e-mail direct marketing, display advertising, e–books, and optical disks and games have become commonplace. Digital marketing extends to non-Internet channels that provide digital media, such as television, mobile phones (SMS and MMS), callback, and on-hold mobile ringtones. The extension to non-Internet channels differentiates digital marketing from online advertising.
Now let’s talk about the history of digital marketing in detail. The phrase “digital marketing” was coined and first used in 1990. During the era, the Web 1.0 platform was built, which assisted users in finding the information they needed. However, they were unable to communicate this knowledge over the Internet. These times, marketers and experts are oblivious to the benefits of digital marketing. They had no idea whether or not their techniques would succeed because the Internet had not yet gained widespread use.
From 1990 to 2000 –
The first clickable web-ad banner went online in 1993. Hotwired bought a few banner advertisements for marketing and advertising at the time. This was the start of the era of digital marketing. Several new technologies (the first internet-based e-commerce transaction) were developed and introduced to the market with a new goal. This year also saw the founding of Yahoo. It garnered 1 million hits within a year of its inception. Yahoo has altered the concept of digital marketing, and businesses have attempted to optimize their websites in order to improve their search engine rankings.
More search engines and tools, such as HotBot, LookSmart, and Alexa, were introduced in 1996. Sixdegrees.com was the first social networking site to be founded in 1997.
The year 1998 was a watershed moment for digital marketing since it was the year Google was created. In addition, Microsoft introduced MSN and Yahoo released Yahoo online search this year.
From 2000 to 2010 –
The internet bubble burst two years later (in 2000), wiping out all of the smaller search engines. This frees up additional room and opportunity for the industry’s behemoths.
In 2002, LinkedIn, a professional social media network, was created. WordPress was released in 2003, while MySpace was launched the following year. Gmail was established in 2004. Facebook and Google both went public in the same year. After that, in 2005, YouTube was founded.
Another notable year was 2006, when search engine traffic was claimed to have increased by 6.4 billion in a single month. Microsoft debuted an MS live search this year, and Twitter was established at the same time. Simultaneously, Amazon’s e-commerce revenues have surpassed $10 billion.
Tumblr was founded in 2007. In addition, Hulu, an online streaming service, was created in this year. In the same year, Apple released the iPhone. In the year 2008, Spotify and Groupon were both launched.
Google Instant was introduced in 2009 to provide real-time search engine results. AdWords, which are three-line ads that appear at the top or to the right of search engine results, and AdSense, a cost-per-click advertising program, were first developed by Google. With time, Google began to target advertising based on client interests, and as a result, it became a major participant in the digital business sector.
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